Secrets of gemstones: a journey from the depths of the earth to your ring

Choosing a gemstone is one of life’s most significant decisions, combining deep emotions, solid science, and an appreciation for nature's millions-of-years-old history. At Kulta-Aika, we have served as an expert partner in jewelry and watches since 1949, and we want to share with you the latest research-based information that is rarely heard in traditional retail. The goal of this article is to open up the fascinating world of gemstones from beneath the surface. See also 10 fascinating facts about gemstones to help you find that perfect diamond or gemstone that stands the test of time and carries your story.

Phenomenal gemstones – nature's optical wonders

In the world of gemstones, the term "phenomenal" refers to stones that display special optical phenomena under specific lighting. These phenomena, such as asterism (star patterns), the schiller effect (internal glow), and iridescent play-of-color, are caused by microscopically small structures within the stone. Modern analysis technology has enabled the study of these phenomena with unprecedented precision, revealing submicroscopic textures that magically manipulate light. For example, in rare pezzottaite, several cat's-eye effects have even been observed simultaneously.

A message from the earth's depths: macle diamonds and phantom crystals

Every natural diamond is an exceptional piece of evidence of the complex growth processes that occur deep within the earth's interior. These stones are not just jewelry; they have preserved information about the conditions that prevailed on our planet millions of years ago. Not all diamonds grow into traditional, symmetrical octahedrons. Particularly interesting are so-called macle diamonds, which are nature’s own twin crystals. They form when two diamond crystals grow together into a flat, triangular entity.

In certain South African mines, up to 10–15% of the diamonds found are such macle crystals. The rarest form is the "Star of David twin," where two macle crystals have grown in opposite directions, forming a natural six-pointed star. These rarities remind us of the exciting journey of diamonds amidst the varying carbon conditions of the earth's mantle.

Inclusions within a diamond are evidence of the stone's origin and age, and experts often refer to them as internal landscapes. Particularly fascinating are phantom crystals, which are other crystals trapped inside a diamond during its growth, revealing the stone's various growth stages on its journey from the depths to the surface. Unusual patterns formed by dark micro-inclusions also make every natural diamond a unique work of art.

The expert as the consumer's safeguard – the importance of knowledge

The gemstone market is constantly changing with new discoveries. Recently, there have been reports of high-quality emeralds and beryls from Kazakhstan and Ukraine, as well as unique trapiche garnets from China. While nature offers new treasures, the industry also faces challenges. Sophisticated imitations circulate in the market, such as quartz-based composites made to mimic authentic emeralds surprisingly well.

At Kulta-Aika, we follow the latest industry research and scientific publications to bridge the gap between practical gemstone retail and academic research. This expertise is our customer's security when it comes to a valuable engagement ring or other long-term investment.

Diamond or lab-grown diamond? Also explore the 4C diamond guide

Modern technology has brought a viable alternative alongside the traditional natural diamond: the lab-grown diamond. It is important to understand that a lab-grown diamond is chemically, physically, and optically completely identical to a natural diamond. They are grown under controlled conditions that mimic the pressure and temperature of the earth's mantle, resulting in a genuine gemstone. The choice between the two often depends on the customer's values; a natural stone carries with it millions of years of history, while a lab-grown diamond often allows for the purchase of a larger and more impressive stone for the same budget. Read more about lab-grown diamonds.

The value and brilliance of a gemstone are best preserved with proper care. Regular cleaning and an annual professional check of the settings ensure that your ring remains secure and brilliant for decades. Welcome to visit our stores in Tammisto, Vantaa, or Kamppi, Helsinki. We are happy to help you find the gemstone of your life, whether you are looking for a wedding ring or simply want to learn more about these wonders of nature.